With that out of the way lets look at some shrooms:
Classic mushroomsAmanita muscaria:
AKA the 'fly agaric'. perhaps the most iconic mushroom of all, this one is associated with early christianity and for those in the know is capable of enducing altered states of consciousness. for others though, the compounds in this mushroom can be quite toxic to the liver.
anyhoo this is one of the species that grows symbiotically on the roots of tall hardwood and pine trees.
the mycelium of this mushroom will leech nutrients from the tree, but in turn it will turn all the debris in the area into compost,
providing nutrition for the tree.
notice the 'skirt' underneath the cap and the white spots on top of it.
look at this overview of the growth pattern:
See how the flecks and skirt are originally part of the same structure. this is called a 'universal veil'.
here's some others from the same family:
Amanita phalloides (Death cap)
Extremely poisonous.
Amanita pantherina
Notice the egg shaped structure at the bottom, this is called a 'volva'.
Amanita muscaria, green variety.
Magic MushroomsThese mushrooms are hallucinogenic and traditionally associated with magic and witchcraft in many cultures.
Aesthetically they are representative of the more common mushroom shape. they have a common trait that
they turn blue when bruised.
some examples:
Psilocybe cubensis grows on dung in subtropical and tropical environments.
Psilocybe semilanceata AKA Libtery Cap grows in grassland. named after the french Phrygian cap.
Psilocybe cyanescens AKA Wavy Cap grows on decomposing wood in colder areas.
Psilocybe azurescens grows similarly to cyanescens and is the strongest of the magic mushrooms.
Panaeolus cyanescens grows on dung in tropical and subtropical environments.
All in all the 'magic' mushrooms are amongst some of the most classicly shaped ones.
Check out the blue bruising reaction in some of these mushrooms though:
Oyster mushroomsThese are some of the most common edible mushrooms around.
they have a much funkier shape and come in a variety of colours:
Pleurotus_ostreatus
Pleurotus citrinopileatus
Pleurotus djamor
Some other edible mushroomsTrametes versicolor AKA Turkey Tail
Grifola frondosa AKA Hen of the Woods
Ganoderma lucidum AKA Reishi
Morchella AKA Morel mushrooms
Fomus fomentarius AKA Agaricon AKA Tinder mushroom.
These are known to have been used by tribal people to transport fire.
If you make a hole in it and put a hot ember in there it can last up to 3 days like that.
Hericium erinaceus AKA Lions Mane
Sparassis crispa AKA Cauliflower mushroom
Exotic mushroomsPhallus indusiatus AKA Long Net Stinkhorn
This one is known for an urban myth that smelling this foul smelling thing causes some women to orgasm spontaneously.
Cordyceps militaris
Panllus stipticus
This is one of a few bioluminescant fungi that actually glow in the dark.
Miscellaneous funk